{"id":199,"date":"2016-05-28T14:55:56","date_gmt":"2016-05-28T14:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/?p=199"},"modified":"2019-11-24T19:50:47","modified_gmt":"2019-11-25T00:50:47","slug":"featured-story-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/featured-story-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessment of pest risk under climate change strengthens management"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"cs-content\" class=\"cs-content\" ><div id=\"x-section-1\" class=\"x-section\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px; background-color: transparent;\"  ><div class=\"x-container max width\" style=\"margin: -45px auto 0px;padding: 0px;\"  ><div  class=\"x-column x-sm x-1-1\" style=\"padding: 0px;\" ><h2  class=\"h-custom-headline cs-ta-left h3 accent\" ><span>Assessment of pest risk under climate change strengthens management<\/span><\/h2><hr  class=\"x-hr\" style=\"border-top-color: hsl(30, 79%, 33%);border-top-width: 15px;\"><div class=\"x-text\"  ><p><div id=\"attachment_508\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-508\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-493 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/05\/feature-5-pic.jpg\" alt=\"feature-5-pic\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/05\/feature-5-pic.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/05\/feature-5-pic-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/05\/feature-5-pic-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/05\/feature-5-pic-100x75.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The project team stand by a weather station used to collect data for the project<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Pests and diseases already pose major threats to the food security and livelihoods of smallholders. With climate change, these threats are generally expected to grow and also expand to unaffected areas. However, knowledge is limited about exactly which threats will be more severe and in what geographic areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">An RTB effort to fill this knowledge gap for critical banana, cassava, potato and sweetpotato pests and diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa has produced data for predicting how those threats will evolve under climate change and strengthened the capacity of government institutions to deal with them today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">RTB centers have begun analyzing data from weather stations and farm surveys at action sites in the Rwanda\u2019s Ruhengeri region and Burundi\u2019s Rusizi Valley while researchers completed laboratory experiments to determine how rising temperatures affect the lifecycles of key pests and disease vectors. Harmonized pest and disease field surveys were carried out at both actions sites during one cropping season, whereas weather data collection has been ongoing since July 2014. The goal is to compile two years of weather and farm data for use in modeling climate change impacts on pest and disease risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">At the same time, RTB researchers and partners have worked with representatives of national research and regulatory institutions in Burundi, DR Congo, Rwanda and Uganda to strengthen the surveillance of critical pests and diseases and the capacity to elaborate effective responses using pest risk analysis (PRA) documents and pest risk maps. PRA documents and risk maps are important tools for national or regional efforts to prevent the entry of new pests and diseases and help farmers prepare for evolving pest and disease threats.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">At a workshop on PRA and surveillance held in Kigali, Rwanda in October 2015, draft PRA documents were developed with national partners for the tomato\/potato leaf miner (<i>Tuta absoluta<\/i>), whitefly-vectored cassava brown streak virus, aphid-vectored banana bunchy top disease (BBTD), banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) and the invasive strain of Panama Disease Foc Tr4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s1\">According to J\u00fcrgen Kroschel, the project leader and Science Leader for Agroecology and Integrated Pest Management at CIP, RTB\u2019s support of PRA training and elaboration complements efforts by the FAO and the UK Food and Environment Research Agency and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> (CABI) to promote the drafting and application of PRA documents by African ministries of agriculture. He added that RTB has improved PRA documents through the addition of pest risk maps, which illustrate potential pest entry and range expansion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">PRA documents drafted at the Kigali workshop have since been refined using data from laboratory and field research. RTB researchers generated data on the prevalence of the major diseases in the region. Bioversity scientists conducted five surveys of BBTD and BXW incidence along altitude gradients in Eastern DR Congo, the Rusizi Valley\/Lake Tanganyika area and Western Burundi. IITA scientists conducted biological surveys in Burundi and Rwanda to determine the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the pathogens responsible for cassava mosaic disease, cassava brown streak disease and BBTD. And CIP researchers completed a thorough analysis of the late blight pathogen<i> Phytophthora infestans<\/i> population in Kenya and Uganda. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">RTB scientists used a number of approaches to assess the risks that major pests pose in the region. CIP researchers used life-table data for <i>T. absoluta<\/i> to develop a preliminary pest phenology model and risk maps with Insect Life-Cycle Modeling software. Using the program CLIMEX, CIAT researchers developed potential distribution maps for the cassava green mites <i>Mononychellus tanajoa<\/i> and <i>Mononychellus mcgregori <\/i>\u2013 based on 1,232 occurrence records for <i>M. tanajoa <\/i>and 99 for <i>M. mcgregori<\/i>. CIAT researchers submitted distribution records of cassava green mites and cassava whiteflies \u2013 major virus vectors \u2013 to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, ensuring open access for modeling purposes. Researchers also developed an interactive database for cassava whiteflies that will be launched in 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Through a combination of scientific research and capacity building, the project will continue to help national authorities to assess and prepare for evolving pest risks so that they can deal with them proactively.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><h3  class=\"h-custom-headline cs-ta-center h4 accent\" ><span>Related links<\/span><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"x-section-2\" class=\"x-section\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 45px; background-color: transparent;\"  ><div class=\"x-container max width\" style=\"margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;\"  ><div  class=\"x-column x-sm x-1-1\" style=\"padding: 0px;\" ><div  class=\"x-feature-box left-text top-text cf\" style=\" max-width: none;\" data-x-element=\"feature_box\" 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max-width: none;\" data-x-element=\"feature_box\" data-x-params=\"{&quot;child&quot;:false,&quot;graphicAnimation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;graphicAnimationOffset&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;graphicAnimationDelay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" ><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic square \"><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic-outer square\" style=\" margin-right: 20px;\"><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic-inner square\" style=\"font-size: 200px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"square\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/06\/related-links3.png\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"x-feature-box-content \"><h4 class=\"x-feature-box-title\">A geographic distribution database of Mononychellus mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta)<\/h4><p class=\"x-feature-box-text\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/zookeys.pensoft.net\/articles.php?id=3793\" title=\"Read more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\">Read more<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"x-feature-box left-text top-text cf\" style=\" max-width: none;\" data-x-element=\"feature_box\" data-x-params=\"{&quot;child&quot;:false,&quot;graphicAnimation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;graphicAnimationOffset&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;graphicAnimationDelay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" ><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic square \"><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic-outer square\" style=\" margin-right: 20px;\"><div class=\"x-feature-box-graphic-inner square\" style=\"font-size: 200px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"square\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/2015-annual-report\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/06\/related-links4.png\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"x-feature-box-content \"><h4 class=\"x-feature-box-title\">The dynamics and environmental influence on interactions between cassava brown streak virus disease and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci<\/h4><p class=\"x-feature-box-text\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/apsjournals.apsnet.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1094\/PHYTO-05-14-0146-R?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed\" title=\"Read more\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\">Read more<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pest-and-disease-control"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Assessment of pest risk under climate change strengthens management - RTB 2015 Annual Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pests 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